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La Mort aux Juifs
La Mort aux Juifs was a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the French commune of Courtemaux in the Loiret department in north-central France. Its name has been translated as "Death to Jews"〔Rick Noack, ''(These French villagers want to keep living in a place called ‘Death to Jews’ )'', in the ''Washington Post'', 13 August 2014〕〔''(Jewish group asks France to rename 'Death to Jews' hamlet )'', BBC News, 12 August 2014〕 or "The death of the Jews".〔"(Jewish group asks France to rename ‘Death to Jews’ hamlet )", France24, 2014-08-12〕
== Origin of the name ==
The name dates to the 14th century. According to toponymist Pierre-Henri Billy,〔« La Mort-aux-Juifs : histoire d'un nom propre », article from Pierre-Henri Billy (toponymist, researcher at CNRS, author from ''Dictionnaire des noms de lieux de la France'', published by Errance, 2011) in ''Le Monde'', August 20th 2014 ((read online )).〕 the name was initially "la mare au juin″, which means "the liquid manure pond" in local old French. Like in other toponyms in the area, those words evolved, becoming ultimately "la Mort aux Juifs" with an intermediate form "la mare au Juif" quoted by the local historian Paul Gache.〔Paul Gache, ''Bulletin de la Société d'émulation de l'arrondissement de Montargis'', number 18, March 1972, () : « On sait que souvent une mare médiévale est devenu un mort, ainsi la mare au Juif (singulier) est devenu la Mort aux Juifs (pluriel) » ("It is known that often a medieval pound (mare) has become a death (mort), as an example "la mare au Juif" (singular) has become "la Mort aux Juifs" (plural)"). See also the article from the same author in the number 7, October 1969, from the same ''Bulletin'' ().〕 The transformation of "mare" (pond) into "mort" (death) is very frequent in old French toponyms, and "juin" (liquid manure) would have become "juif" (Jew) in two steps, first a denasalization turning "juin" into "jui" and then a graphical change into "juif", which had the same pronunciation in old French.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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